Create Stage Objective: Provide answers for the questions in the “Create Stage” instructions. Create Stage Instructions: Regarding paleoclimatological data that includes measurements of [CO2] for at

Create Stage Objective: Provide answers for the questions in the “Create Stage” instructions.

Create Stage Instructions:

1. Regarding paleoclimatological data that includes measurements of [CO2] for at least the past 100,000 years.
   1. Obtain and identify the source of this data. Share a view of the data in your submission.
   2. Briefly, how are [CO2] measurements extracted from the data?
   3. From the data, estimate the minimum, maximum, and average values [CO2] over a time interval of your choosing that is covered by the data.
   4. Based upon the average value, estimate the [CO2] in 2022 (present) and 2100 (future).
2. RegardingMauna Loa Observatory data for the [CO2] at present and in ‘recent’ past.
   1. State the current value for [CO2]. Convert this value to a percentage.
   2. Qualify the proportion of Earth’s atmosphere that is [CO2] in relative terms. (Feel free to introduce an analogy, for example – other than one based on counting Smarties!)
   3. What does your intuition suggest about this proportion in the context of climate change? Why?
   4. Using one of the Keeling Curves:
      1. Estimate the current value for the [CO2].
      2. Choose a time in the past that is covered by the curve and estimate [CO2].
      3. Using your past and present estimates for the [CO2], estimate the growth rate for this gas in our atmosphere.
      4. Based on this growth rate, estimate [CO2] in 2100.
3. Regarding the AGU’s selection offive graphs from the recent IPCC assessment (AR6):
   1. Using the first graph from point 5 on “Carbon Extraction”:
      1. Estimate the [CO2] in 2100.
      2. How does this estimate (Question 3, Part 1) compare with your projections from the distant past (Question 1, Part 4) and present (Question 2, Part 4, Point 4)?
   2. Choose one of the emissions scenarios depicted in the point 4 graph:
      1. Using your own words, explain what is being measured on the vertical axis of this figure.
      2. Relative to today, quantify the percentage change by 2100 for the scenario you chose.
      3. Provide a simplified process-flow diagram that captures this result.